{"id":2912,"date":"2019-09-30T19:35:27","date_gmt":"2019-09-30T19:35:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mikulasskydenik.cz\/?p=489"},"modified":"2023-04-01T16:33:51","modified_gmt":"2023-04-01T16:33:51","slug":"jak-funguje-ustavni-zaloba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/?p=2912","title":{"rendered":"Jak funguje \u00fastavn\u00ed \u017ealoba?"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n
\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b se st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s term\u00ednem \u00fastavn\u00ed \u017ealoba, a\u0165 u\u017e ze strany americk\u00e9 sen\u00e1torky Nancy Pelosi nebo z na\u0161\u00ed vlastn\u00ed poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny. Jak tedy takov\u00fd impeachement funguje?<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n
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Trocha historie<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Impeachement se poprv\u00e9 objevil ve 14. stolet\u00ed ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii, kdy byl parlament s kr\u00e1lem a jeho vl\u00e1dou \u010dasto ve p\u0159i. A\u010dkoliv parlament nemohl sesadit monarcha z tr\u016fnu, slou\u017eil jim impeachement jako n\u00e1stroj na \u017ealov\u00e1n\u00ed ministr\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli ke kr\u00e1li bl\u00edzko. Trestem byla pokuta, v\u011bzen\u00ed a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech i poprava.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

V britsk\u00e9m parlamentu slou\u017e\u00ed Doln\u00ed sn\u011bmovna jako ob\u017ealoba a Sn\u011bmovna lord\u016f jako soudce. A\u010dkoliv nebyl impeachement ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed nikdy zru\u0161en, pova\u017euje se dnes za zastaral\u00fd. Impeachement je toti\u017e \u010dasov\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd. M\u00e1-li parlament s vl\u00e1dou pot\u00ed\u017ee, je snaz\u0161\u00ed a rychlej\u0161\u00ed vyhl\u00e1sit hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed o ned\u016fv\u011b\u0159e.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
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Sly\u0161en\u00ed prvn\u00edho \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho impeachementu \/ US Senate<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech je impeachement stanoven\u00fd ve druh\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku \u00dastavy Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachement for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.<\/p>\r\nPrezident, V\u00edceprezident a v\u0161ichni civiln\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f budou sesazeni z funkce po odsouzen\u00ed za zradu, korupci, nebo jin\u00e9 v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 \u010diny. – \u010dl\u00e1nek 2, odstavec 4<\/cite><\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

„V\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 \u010diny“, kter\u00e9 \u00fastava Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f cituje, nejsou p\u0159esn\u011b d\u00e1ny, tak\u017ee pod\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00ed \u017ealoby z\u00e1vis\u00ed hlavn\u011b na tom, co Sn\u011bmovna reprezentant\u016f, kter\u00e1 proces impeachementu spou\u0161t\u00ed, uzn\u00e1 za zlo\u010din nevhodn\u00fd prezidentsk\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Te\u010f prakticky: Sn\u011bmovna reprezentant\u016f spust\u00ed proces \u00fastavn\u00ed \u017ealoby autorizov\u00e1n\u00edm posudku panelu House Judiciary Committee, kte\u0159\u00ed sesb\u00edraj\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 informace, v\u00fdpov\u011bdi a d\u016fkazy, a podle nich se rozhodnou, zda-li Kongresu p\u0159edlo\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1vrh \u00fastavn\u00ed \u017ealoby. Pokud ho Kongres schv\u00e1l\u00ed, za\u010dne v Sen\u00e1tu proces. Na odsouzen\u00ed prezidenta jsou pot\u0159eba alespo\u0148 dv\u011b t\u0159etiny hlas\u016f p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch sen\u00e1tor\u016f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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Vstupenka na impeachementov\u00e9 sly\u0161en\u00ed prezidenta Johnsona \/ US Senate<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech \u017ealoba \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b sesadila dva prezidenty – Andrewa Johnsona a Billa Clintona. Richard Nixon pod tlakem prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edho \u0161et\u0159en\u00ed rezignoval z funkce. Demokratick\u00e1 p\u0159edsedkyn\u011b sn\u011bmovny Nancy Pelosi 24. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2019 ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee na prezidenta Trumpa pod\u00e1 \u00fastavn\u00ed \u017ealobu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

A te\u010f u n\u00e1s<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
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Aby se \u017ealoba dostala a\u017e sem, k \u00dastavn\u00edmu soudu, mus\u00ed j\u00ed nap\u0159ed schv\u00e1lit ob\u011b komory Parlamentu \/ \u00dastavn\u00ed soud \u010cR<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

V \u010cech\u00e1ch byla poprv\u00e9 \u00fastavn\u00ed \u017ealoba pod\u00e1na na prezidenta Klause, a to z d\u016fvodu velezrady. Sen\u00e1t \u017ealobu od\u016fvodnil nepodeps\u00e1n\u00edm Rozhodnut\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 rady, kter\u00e9 schv\u00e1lily ob\u011b komory parlamentu, vyl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm amnestie, nerespektov\u00e1n\u00ed soudn\u00edho rozhodnut\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edmi lap\u00e1liemi, kter\u00fdch se b\u00fdval\u00fd prezident m\u011bl dopustit. Nebudeme ale p\u0159edb\u00edhat, nejd\u0159\u00edv, co o \u00fastavn\u00ed \u017ealob\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u00dastava:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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Sen\u00e1t m\u016f\u017ee se souhlasem Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny podat \u00fastavn\u00ed \u017ealobu proti prezidentu republiky k \u00dastavn\u00edmu soudu, a to pro velezradu nebo pro hrub\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed \u00dastavy nebo jin\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti \u00fastavn\u00edho po\u0159\u00e1dku; velezradou se rozum\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed prezidenta republiky sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed proti svrchovanosti a celistvosti republiky, jako\u017e i proti jej\u00edmu demokratick\u00e9mu \u0159\u00e1du. \u00dastavn\u00ed soud m\u016f\u017ee na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u00fastavn\u00ed \u017ealoby Sen\u00e1tu rozhodnout o tom, \u017ee prezident republiky ztr\u00e1c\u00ed prezidentsk\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad a zp\u016fsobilost jej znovu nab\u00fdt.<\/p>\r\n\u010cl\u00e1nek 65 odstavec 2 \u00dastavy<\/cite><\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Stejn\u011b jako ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech je na\u0161e \u00fastava celkem neobecn\u00e1, co v\u0161e je vlastn\u011b velezrada. Druh\u00fd prezident, na kter\u00e9ho byla pod\u00e1na \u017ealoba je Milo\u0161 Zeman – u n\u011bj jako d\u016fvod k ob\u017ealob\u011b Sen\u00e1t uvedl opakovan\u00e9 hrub\u00e9 poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00dastavy. Te\u010f je\u0161t\u011b trochu k samotn\u00e9mu pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u017ealoby:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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K p\u0159ijet\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu \u00fastavn\u00ed \u017ealoby Sen\u00e1tem je t\u0159eba souhlasu t\u0159\u00edp\u011btinov\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161iny p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch sen\u00e1tor\u016f. K p\u0159ijet\u00ed souhlasu Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny s pod\u00e1n\u00edm \u00fastavn\u00ed \u017ealoby je t\u0159eba souhlasu t\u0159\u00edp\u011btinov\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161iny v\u0161ech poslanc\u016f; nevyslov\u00ed-li Poslaneck\u00e1 sn\u011bmovna souhlas do t\u0159\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f ode dne, kdy o n\u011bj Sen\u00e1t po\u017e\u00e1dal, plat\u00ed, \u017ee souhlas nebyl d\u00e1n.<\/p>\r\n\u010cl\u00e1nek 65 odstavec 3 \u00dastavy<\/cite><\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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\u017daloba na V\u00e1clava Klause byla pod\u00e1na na konci jeho druh\u00e9ho volebn\u00edho obdob\u00ed \/ iDNES<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

A na\u0161e dv\u011b \u00fastavn\u00ed \u017ealoby? V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b V\u00e1clava Klause \u00dastavn\u00ed soud \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zastavil<\/a>, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z toho d\u016fvodu, \u017ee v dob\u011b \u017ealoby u\u017e Klaus nezast\u00e1val funkci prezidenta. \u00dastavn\u00ed \u017ealoba na prezidenta Zemana skon\u010dila u\u017e v Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovn\u011b – pro bylo 58 poslanc\u016f a proti 62.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S term\u00ednem impeachement se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me jak ze strany americk\u00e9 sen\u00e1torky Nancy Pelosi nebo z na\u0161\u00ed vlastn\u00ed poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1369,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2912"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2912"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2912\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1369"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2912"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2912"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2912"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}