{"id":2414,"date":"2023-03-13T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-03-13T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mikulasskydenik.cz\/?p=2414"},"modified":"2023-04-01T17:47:10","modified_gmt":"2023-04-01T17:47:10","slug":"stremhlava-smrt-s-nazvem-stuka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/?p=2414","title":{"rendered":"St\u0159emhlav\u00e1 smrt s n\u00e1zvem Stuka"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" style=\"height: 11px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Letoun, kter\u00e9ho se ob\u00e1valo \u0161irok\u00e9 okol\u00ed. Byl nel\u00edtostn\u00fd a deptal ob\u011bti je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed ni\u010div\u00fdmi v\u00fdbuchy. Ve chv\u00edli kdy zazn\u011bla vzdu\u0161n\u00e1 sir\u00e9na, nebylo ji\u017e \u00fat\u011bku. Tuto sir\u00e9nu nikdo necht\u011bl sly\u0161et. To je Junkers Ju 87 Stuka.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Junkers Ju 87 Stuka byl p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm st\u0159emhlav\u00fd bombard\u00e9r, ale tak\u00e9 bitevn\u00ed letoun, kter\u00fd slou\u017eil p\u0159i Druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce \u0159ad\u00e1m Osy (Osa Berl\u00edn-\u0158\u00edm-Tokio). N\u00e1zev Stuka poch\u00e1z\u00ed z n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed &#8222;das\u00a0Sturzkampfflugzeug&#8220;. A\u010d byl tento letoun postrachem v\u0161eho okol\u00ed, kde se pr\u00e1v\u011b nach\u00e1zel, jeho chv\u00edle sl\u00e1vy vyst\u0159\u00eddal brzy tvrd\u00fd p\u00e1d. Na boji\u0161ti b\u011bhem Druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky se za\u010daly objevovat i nov\u00e9 techniky pro boj, mezi nimi\u017e byly i psychick\u00e9 metody. Vyu\u017e\u00edvalo se obdobn\u011b jako u husitsk\u00fdch v\u00e1lek k zastra\u0161en\u00ed protivn\u00edka r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby. Jedn\u00edm z d\u016fkaz\u016f t\u00e9to metody zastra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed je i n\u011bmeck\u00fd st\u0159emhlav\u00fd bombard\u00e9r Junkers Ju 87.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2417\" src=\"https:\/\/mikulasskydenik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/stukaju87b-1-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"912\" height=\"382\" \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Zdroj: https:\/\/www.uh.edu\/engines\/stukaju87b.jpg<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>Pozn\u00e1vac\u00ed znamen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 nah\u00e1n\u011bla hr\u016fzu<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Stuka poch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u011b ze \u0160v\u00e9dska. Po prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce byl v N\u011bmecku z\u00e1k\u00e1z\u00e1n v\u00fdvoj bojov\u00fdch letadel, a tak se firma Junkers byla nucena p\u0159est\u011bhovat do \u0160v\u00e9dska. S tichou\u00a0toleranc\u00ed \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy z\u00a0tajn\u00fdch fond\u016f Reichswehru prob\u00edhal v\u00fdvoj vojensk\u00fdch letadel, kter\u00fd sm\u011b\u0159oval i do kategorie st\u0159emhlav\u00fdch bombard\u00e9ru. Prvn\u00ed prototypy bombard\u00e9ru pak byly postaveny ji\u017e v roce 1934. Pozd\u011bji byly tajn\u011b propa\u0161ov\u00e1ny do N\u011bmecka, jeliko\u017e N\u011bmecko m\u011blo zak\u00e1z\u00e1no bitevn\u00ed letouny vlastnit.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Junkers Ju 87 byl dvoum\u00edstn\u00fd, jednomotorov\u00fd samonosn\u00fd\u00a0dolnoplo\u0161n\u00edk. Kovov\u00e1 kostra k\u0159\u00eddel, pevn\u00fdch i pohybliv\u00fdch ocasn\u00edch ploch byla pota\u017een\u00e1 duralem. Kryc\u00ed plechy tak\u00e9 duralov\u00e9. Podvozek byl nezata\u017eiteln\u00fd a v zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti kokpitu se nach\u00e1zel kulomet, kter\u00fd m\u00ed\u0159il dozadu a mohl tak sest\u0159elovat pron\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed letadla. Maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed rychlost se ve vodorovn\u00e9 rychlosti pohybovala od 340 do 410 km\/h.\u00a0Ve st\u0159emhlav\u00e9m letu stoupla a\u017e na 650 km\/h. Dolet se pohyboval od 700 do 1 500 kilometr\u016f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Nen\u00ed pochyb, \u017ee Stuka nah\u00e1n\u011bla hr\u016fzu u\u017e jen podle jej\u00edho vzhledu. Konstrukce jej\u00edho t\u011bla z profilu p\u0159ipom\u00ednala W, co\u017e byl jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch vizu\u00e1ln\u00edch aspekt\u016f tohoto letounu. D\u00e1le byl na letadle patrn\u00fd i pevn\u00fd nezata\u017eiteln\u00fd podvozek nebo zaoblen\u00fd vystr\u010den\u00fd kokpit. A tak\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00fd v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd k\u0159\u00ed\u017e, nebo h\u00e1kov\u00fd k\u0159\u00ed\u017e. To u\u017e jsou ale detaily. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pozn\u00e1vac\u00ed znak byla p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm sir\u00e9na.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.aresgames.eu\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/610x250_Ju-87B-StG-77-610x250.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"971\" height=\"398\" \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Junkers Ju 87, zdroj: https:\/\/www.aresgames.eu\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/610x250_Ju-87B-StG-77-610&#215;250.gif<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\"><strong>Sir\u00e9ny z Jericha<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Stuka u\u017e od samotn\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00e1tku je zn\u00e1ma hlavn\u011b d\u00edky sir\u00e9n\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 byly um\u00edst\u011bny na nezata\u017eiteln\u00e9m podvozku, kter\u00fd je nezata\u017eiteln\u00fd pr\u00e1v\u011b z tohoto d\u016fvodu. D\u00e1 se \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee sir\u00e9ny jsou pro tento letoun v\u00edce n\u011b\u017e charakteristick\u00e9. Ikonick\u00e9 vyt\u00ed st\u0159emhlav\u00e9ho bombard\u00e9ru Junkers Ju 87 bylo zp\u016fsobeno dv\u011bma mal\u00fdmi vrtulemi na ozuben\u00fdch kolech, kter\u00e9 se rozto\u010dily p\u0159i st\u0159emhlav\u00e9m letu, kter\u00e9mu p\u0159edch\u00e1zel obratn\u00fd man\u00e9vr. St\u0159emhlav\u00fd n\u00e1let prob\u00edhal pod \u00fahlem 60-90\u00b0.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Tyto sir\u00e9ny ale nebyly nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 pouze pro ob\u011bti a nep\u0159\u00e1tele, n\u00fdbr\u017e i pro samotn\u00e9 piloty, kte\u0159\u00ed \u00fadajn\u011b tento vyn\u00e1lez zcela nen\u00e1vid\u011bli, jeliko\u017e se vyt\u00ed rozezn\u011blo v cel\u00e9 kabin\u011b pos\u00e1dky. Navzdory nep\u0159\u00edjemnostem, kter\u00e9 sir\u00e9ny Stuk zp\u016fsobovaly vlastn\u00edm pos\u00e1dk\u00e1m, byly v psychologick\u00e9 v\u00e1lce pom\u011brn\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9. Samotn\u00fd zvuk t\u011bchto sir\u00e9n vyvol\u00e1val v nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u00edch strach a dok\u00e1zal je p\u0159im\u011bt k tomu, aby zanechali v\u0161eho, co pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u011blali, aby se dostali z dosahu nebezpe\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\r\n<p>&#8222;Vyj\u00edc\u00ed zvuk rozptyloval a zneklid\u0148oval nejen nep\u0159\u00edtele, ale i pos\u00e1dku. Lep\u0161\u00ed to za\u010dalo b\u00fdt, a\u017e kdy\u017e bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 vypnout vrtuli pomoc\u00ed vyp\u00edna\u010de.&#8220;<\/p>\r\n<cite> Friedrich Lang, pilot Luftwaffe<\/cite><\/blockquote>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"654\" data-id=\"2416\" class=\"wp-image-2416\" src=\"https:\/\/mikulasskydenik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/tuHkkBM-1-1024x654.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/tuHkkBM-1-1024x654.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/tuHkkBM-1-423x270.jpg 423w, https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/tuHkkBM-1-768x490.jpg 768w, https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/tuHkkBM-1-480x306.jpg 480w, https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/tuHkkBM-1-640x408.jpg 640w, https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/tuHkkBM-1-720x460.jpg 720w, https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/tuHkkBM-1-960x613.jpg 960w, https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/tuHkkBM-1.jpg 1125w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Zdroj: http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/tuHkkBM.jpg<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-id=\"2415\" class=\"wp-image-2415\" src=\"https:\/\/mikulasskydenik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/hqdefault-1-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Zdroj: http:\/\/i.imgur.com\/tuHkkBM.jpg<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Pozd\u011bji d\u00edky st\u00ed\u017enostem pilot\u016f Luftwaffe byly sir\u00e9ny odstra\u0148ov\u00e1ny z n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch verz\u00ed letadel a byl tak pro pos\u00e1dku zaji\u0161t\u011bn v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed komfort. P\u0159evl\u00e1dal toti\u017e dojem, \u017ee jde o zbytnou dekoraci bez praktick\u00e9ho efektu. Opak byl ale pravdou, nebo\u0165 tato psychologick\u00e1 zbra\u0148 byla v\u00edce ne\u017e \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=YP5-lgFaCBg<\/div>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nel\u00edtostn\u00e1 psychologick\u00e1 zbra\u0148 Druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":2418,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[41,47],"tags":[78,100,151,224],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2414"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2414"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2414\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2418"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2414"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2414"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2414"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}