{"id":2044,"date":"2022-11-25T08:00:27","date_gmt":"2022-11-25T07:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mikulasskydenik.cz\/?p=2044"},"modified":"2023-04-01T17:12:40","modified_gmt":"2023-04-01T17:12:40","slug":"pred-503-lety-vstoupil-hernan-cortes-do-tenochtitlanu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/?p=2044","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159ed 503 lety vstoupil Hern\u00e1n Cort\u00e9s do Tenochtitl\u00e1nu"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-spacer\" style=\"height: 16px;\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u00a0<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Uplynulo ji\u017e 503 let od po\u010d\u00e1tku obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho azt\u00e9ck\u00e9ho m\u011bsta a z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu Tenochtitl\u00e1n. M\u011bsto bylo speci\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee se rozkl\u00e1dalo na n\u011bkolika ostrovech nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch se na jeze\u0159e Texcoco v dne\u0161n\u00edm Mexiku. Jezero se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 2240 metr\u016f. <\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta za\u010dalo roku 1519 pod veden\u00edm vojev\u016fdce Hern\u00e1na Cort\u00e9se. \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 se zde zvl\u00e1dli usadit a tamn\u00ed vl\u00e1dce Moctezuma 2. se stal pouh\u00fdm loutkov\u00fdm vl\u00e1dcem. B\u011bhem obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eilo ve m\u011bst\u011b \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b asi sto tis\u00edc obyvatel. <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-id=\"2045\" class=\"wp-image-2045\" src=\"https:\/\/mikulasskydenik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/hernan-cortes-9258320-1-402-1-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Zdroj: https:\/\/www.topdelikatesy.cz\/blog\/pribeh-cokolady\/<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-id=\"2046\" class=\"wp-image-2046\" src=\"https:\/\/mikulasskydenik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/hernan-cortes-gettyimages-1296524894-1-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Zdroj: https:\/\/www.history.com\/news\/hernan-cortes-conquered-aztec-empire<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p style=\"font-size: 26px;\"><strong>Jak se azt\u00e9kov\u00e9 ubr\u00e1nili, nebo sp\u00ed\u0161e neubr\u00e1nili? <\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Jak ji\u017e bylo v\u00fd\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno, m\u011bsto se nach\u00e1zelo v pom\u011brn\u011b vysok\u00e9 nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce a co v\u00edce, rozl\u00e9halo se na jeze\u0159e a bylo obklopeno horsk\u00fdm h\u0159ebenem. Jedin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup do m\u011bsta byl tedy p\u0159es dlouh\u00e9 hr\u00e1ze z kamene a zeminy. Dle archeologick\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u016f se objevila i p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00e1 m\u00edsta na hr\u00e1z\u00edch. Dle domn\u011bnek se v t\u011bchto m\u00edstech mohly nach\u00e1zet pohybliv\u00e9 d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 mosty. M\u011bsto nem\u011blo ani hradby, jeliko\u017e jedin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9 cesty byly pr\u00e1v\u011b po hr\u00e1z\u00edch. M\u011bsto nem\u011blo ani hradby. To p\u0159edstavovalo pro \u0160pan\u011blsko obrovskou v\u00fdhodu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 byli p\u0159i rebelii, po t\u00e9, co zabili Moctezumu 2., z m\u011bsta vyhn\u00e1ni s velk\u00fdmi ztr\u00e1tami na \u017eivotech (La Noche Triste). Netrvalo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouho a \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 se do m\u011bsta vr\u00e1tili i s posilou ze sv\u00e9 zem\u011b. Mnoho obyvatel zem\u0159elo b\u011bhem obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed hlady a na zavle\u010den\u00e9 choroby, jeliko\u017e \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 znemo\u017enili z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bsta k\u00e1noemi. \u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da drancovala, strh\u00e1vala domy, zasyp\u00e1vala kan\u00e1ly, a\u017e dne 13. 9. 1521 m\u011bsto definitivn\u011b dobyli pod veden\u00edm Hern\u00e1na Cort\u00e9se.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2047\" src=\"https:\/\/mikulasskydenik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/El_templo_mayor_en_Tenochtitlan-1-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"542\" height=\"378\" \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Zdroj: https:\/\/www.armyweb.cz\/clanek\/pad-tenochtitlanu-a-osvobozeni-milionu-lidi-od-krvaveho-azteckeho-rezimu<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p style=\"font-size: 26px;\"><strong>Jak to dopadlo? <\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Po dobyt\u00ed Cort\u00e9s dovolil obyvatel\u016fm n\u00e1vrat do zni\u010den\u00e9ho m\u011bsta. Kr\u00e1tce na to se za\u010dalo s obnovou kan\u00e1l\u016f, rekonstrukc\u00ed ulic a dom\u016f a postupovalo se s n\u00e1vratem do norm\u00e1ln\u00edho \u017eivota. Po zna\u010dn\u00fdch oprav\u00e1ch, p\u0159estavb\u00e1ch a velk\u00fdch zm\u011bn\u00e1ch, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e zde byly postaven\u00e9 nov\u00e9 chr\u00e1my z ruin a pod st\u00e1lou nadvl\u00e1dou \u0160pan\u011bl\u016f se m\u011bsto p\u0159ejmenovalo na Ciudad de M\u00e9xico (Mexiko City).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2048\" src=\"https:\/\/mikulasskydenik.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/409_02_2-1-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"270\" height=\"381\" \/>\r\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Moctezuma II.<br \/>Zdroj: https:\/\/www.mexicolore.co.uk\/aztecs\/moctezuma\/moctezuma-ii-symposium-and-exhibition<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\" \/>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-small-font-size\"><strong><br \/><\/strong><em>\u010cl\u00e1nek neslou\u017e\u00ed jako odborn\u00fd text. Ps\u00e1no jednoduchou a zkr\u00e1cenou formou.<\/em><\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Uplynulo ji\u017e 503 let od po\u010d\u00e1tku obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho azt\u00e9ck\u00e9ho m\u011bsta a z\u00e1rove\u0148 m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu Tenochtitl\u00e1n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":2050,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[69,118,217,238],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2044"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2044"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2044\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2050"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2044"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2044"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/denik.mikulasske.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2044"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}